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Data security covers all of the processes and tools that protect organizational data from cyber-criminal attack, as well as internal threats. This includes everything from encryption and data masking, to automated reporting and redaction to streamline audit procedures. These tools help organizations prevent data breaches by ensuring only authorized users have access to data, and also by detecting abnormal activity. These tools also provide an additional layer of protection against human error, which is one of the most frequent causes of data breaches.

Data security is designed to keep trade information, customer data and other private information from falling into hands of cyber-criminals. It also assists businesses in maintaining compliance with regulations and avoid costly fines, lawsuits and reputational damage.

Access controls are a crucial type of data security that limits access to physical and digital data. This includes ensuring that devices and computers are password-protected, and physical spaces are only accessible by authorized personnel.

Authentication is a process that allows people to be accurately identified prior to granting them access to data. This can be done by something they know (e.g. the password) or something they own (e.g. an identity token) or even something they are (e.g. fingerprints, for instance).

Backup data is a crucial component of any security plan. This guarantees that in the event of a system failure or disaster, or data corruption, you will be able to retrieve your information. It is also vital to periodically purge backups of data that is no longer needed.